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The image formed in each human eye is a circular patch, much like a pinhole camera image. The 2  circular mages from both eyes overlay to form a combined circular image that has a circular region that is more focused, and then less focused towards the outer part of the circle.

Human eyes are aligned horizontal like other bipedal animals. This is either due to intrinsic body symmetry, or it allows us to scan movements and positions of preys and predators more easily. Because of horizontal eyes alignment, and left-right eyeballs movement, the less focused regions tends to form a horizontal shape rather than vertical.

Finally, the golden rectangle appears balanced because the center circle which is the focused area, has the exactly same total area of the non-circle area  which is the unfocused area.




The Golden Identity or Equation is an exact and beautiful equation that relates 4 fundamental numbers used in maths and physics: i (imaginary number), e (Euler’s number), pi and phi (golden ratio). i is critical in quantum physics, e is related to power laws and fractals, pi is related to circles and phi is related to Fibonacci sequence.

The left side of equation is phi and based on its defining formula, equates to a value which is about 1.618. The right side of the equation which contains e, i and pi is also found to equate to this value, which equals phi (see algebraic proof). The geometric proof shows that phi equals 2 x cos(pi/5), and also that in a regular pentagon with sides = 1, the diagonal is phi.

Another interesting property is that the equation has 5 arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation.


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Golden Identity and a Geometric Proof